Bismillah
Ar-Rahman Ar-Raheem
Questions
Regarding Martyrdom Operations, Jannah and Jizya
Given some recent events, it seems
pertinent to ask you about the
nature of the Muslim resistance. Is the deliberate targeting of
innocent bystanders by suicide bombers something that Islam should
allow, or encourage?
All Praise and All Thanks are for Allah Subhanahu wa
Ta'ala.
Firstly, I, and many Muslims, object to the incorrect and pejorative
terms "suicide bombers" and "suicide attacks". The correct term to
describe such attacks - from the perspective of Deen Al-Islam - is
Martyrdom Operations, for there is a distinction between Intihar and
Istishad. Istishad is martyrdom and Intihar is what in the West
is called suicide.
Secondly, who is "innocent"? That is, what criteria are used to decide
if someone is "innocent"? The criteria of the West - or the criteria of
Deen Al-Islam? Nowhere in the Quran and Sunnah is there any word such
as "innocent". As Sheikh Hammoud Al-Uqlaa
Ash-Shuaybi said:
"What many are babbling about and
repeating when they talk about "innocent victims", is nothing but the
effect of the West and its media, to the extent that many an unwary
person repeats the words and expressions of our enemies, which are in
direct contradiction with the expressions of Shariah."
What needs be understood by both Muslims and the peoples of the West is
that terms
"innocent" and "civilian" have no meaning in Shariah, and that these
are
kaffir terms,
kaffir concepts, which the kuffar and their
apostate allies project onto Islam in order to distort Islam and have
Muslims imitate the kuffar. To paraphrase what I have written
elsewhere: whenever a Muslim uses such kaffir
terms, in
order to try and understand
Islam
or in order to in their ignorance obtain some kaffir-pleasing principle
from Islam, they are imitating the kuffar - for they are
re-interpreting
Islam to please themselves, or the kuffar, or they are so in love with
the kaffir way of life, with kaffir ideas and concepts, that have lost
or are losing their own Islam. The kaffir concepts of "innocent" and
"civilian" have become Taghut - idols, principles, which the kaffir
have created and which they make laws about, which laws they seek to
impose on Muslims. These concepts are Taghut because they are created
without reference to the Quran or Sunnah - created, by
fallible
humans, without reference to the Will of Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala
.
In many ways, it is right to think as these things as objects which the
kuffar now worship, or which they put their trust in - which they make,
as standards, for people to follow and obey. Allah Subhanahu wa
Ta'ala says:
"Their way is to refer matters to a
Taghut. " 4:60 Interpretation
of Meaning
Some Muslims, however, quote the following Hadith in an effort to show
that there is such a thing as the concept of "innocent" in Islam:
Narrated 'Aa'ishah who said that the Nabi (salla Allahu
'alayhi wa
sallam) said, "The pen has been lifted from three; from the sleeping
until they awake, from the child until they mature, and from the one
who is crazy until he is sane."
In this Hadith we have a beautiful expression - "The pen has been
lifted..." The question we must ask is - Do we take the context to mean
that the three are "innocent" as the kuffar understand innocent? That
is, do we project a kaffir meaning into this Hadith? Or do we refer it,
for explanation, to what Allah (Subhanahu wa Ta'ala) has told us, and
thus take it in the literal sense to mean that what they are doing,
have done, has not been recorded? If we refer to what our Rabb says:
"And over you are Watchers - just, honourable - who know
and
record [write down] all that you do. Thus shall those who do what is
commanded be in bliss while the disobedient will be in the blazing
Fire. " 82: 10-14 Interpretation of Meaning
Thus, understood in the context of the words of Allah Subhanahu wa
Ta'ala this Hadith refers not to some kaffir concept such as
"innocent" but to the recoding of our deeds.
Once such things as this are understood - that is, once the correct
view of Deen Al-Islam is known in such matters - then we can move on to
consider the matter in a correct way, which centres around two
important questions: are Martyrdom Operations Lawful according to Quran
and Sunnah, and is it lawful (according to Quran and Sunnah) to
intentionally and/or unintentionally target those who are not directly
engaged in combat with Muslims?
The view that I and many other Muslims, world-wide, incline toward is
that Martyrdom Operations are lawful, according to the Quran and
Sunnah. Some other Muslims incline toward the opposite view. Thus,
there is some disagreement among Muslims. [I shall return to the
question of Martyrdom Operations later, InshaAllah.]
In respect of targeting those not directly engaged in combat with
Muslims, there are also some differences among the Muslims, with some
asserting that it is lawful (according to Quran and Sunnah, and thus
according to Shariah) to - under certain conditions - target,
intentionally or otherwise, those who might not be directly engaged in
practical combat with Muslims. [See Note 1]
As for whether, as your write, "Islam should
allow, or encourage" such things, I would first like to mention that it
would be more correct to write (or say): "Should Muslims encourage or
permit such things..." For Islam, correctly understood, is not some
"thing" to to be adhered to or
identified with like some Taghut is adhered to or to be identified
with, but rather Islam is only, and only means, obedience to Allah
Subhanahu wa Ta'ala: for it is that Deen, that Way of Life, by which
such
perfect and such simple submission and obedience to only Allah
Subhanahu wa Ta'ala is possible.
Thus, the answer to the rephrased question is that yes, Muslims should
encourage and permit such
things as Martyrdom Operations if they are lawful according to Quran
and Sunnah and thus according to Shariah, for by permitting and
encouraging such things Muslims would be obeying Allah Subhanahu wa
Ta'ala. Furthermore, what the kuffar, what the West and its apostate
lackeys, think about such Muslims striving to obey Allah Subhanahu wa
Ta'ala, what names or terms they use to describe such Muslims, and what
judgement they may pass upon such Muslims, are all irrelevant.
Do you not agree that by deliberately
choosing
civilians there is a degree of dishonour here? The
deliberate
targeting of civilians seems at odds with the warrior ethos, and is
exactly the type of behaviour you abhor in the Zionists and
others.
The central question here is: what is honour? Who, or what, defines
this? The Muslim answer is that it is Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala who
defines this, Who has defined this, and that this Muslim answer can be
found in the Quran, the Sunnah, and Shariah. The answer of the West, of
the kuffar, is that honour is defined according to some manufactured,
human, concept, or according to some ethics which some person has
manufactured or constructed. Thus, The Numinous Way, for instance,
postulates a theory of ethics based on a particular interpretation, or
definition, of honour, and according to this particular fallible human
manufactured definition such things are or might be or may be
"dishonourable".
As Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala says:
"Honour is with, and from, Allah
alone." 3: 139 Interpretation of Meaning
"Those who seek dignity and honour should know that they derive from
Allah (alone)." 35:10 Interpretation of Meaning
"In truth, the most honourable of you
in the sight of Allah is the one who has At-Taqwa." 13:2 Interpretation
of Meaning [See Note 2]
"In truth, the Deen, according to
Allah, is Al-Islam." 3:19
Interpretation of Meaning
In addition, the West - the kuffar - assume and believe that their
definitions, that their perspective, that their ethics, are correct
and universal and must apply to Muslims, and expect Muslims to engage
in debate, and view Deen Al-Islam, according to the Western
perspective. Some Muslims already do this, and thus may be said to be
imitating the kuffar, for according to Deen Al-Islam, Muslims should
use only the criteria established by Quran, Sunnah and Shariah to judge
anyone or anything.
Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala says:
"Judge between them by what Allah has
revealed: do not give in to your own desires, and beware, for they will
try to lead you astray, away from some of that which Allah has
revealed. And if they turn away, there is the knowledge of their
punishment by Allah for some transgression of theirs - and, indeed,
there are many disobedient, rebellious ones [Fasiqun]. Do they seek to
judge according to the ways of Jahiliyyah? The judgement of Allah is
best - for those who sincerely believe." 5:49-50 Interpretation of
Meaning
Hence, if you view honour according to Deen Al-Islam then the judgement
will be a Muslim one, but if you view honour according to the
perspective, the ways, of the West, then the judgement will be a
Western
one.
For a Muslim, what is honourable is what Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala has
said is honourable: what it is we are encouraged to do or are commanded
to do. In this, our guides are Quran and Sunnah (and thus Shariah) and
that is all. If Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala says something is right, then
it is right, whatever we might personally feel about the matter or
whatever the ethics of the West may say about the matter. That
is, our personal feelings, our personal judgement, are either
irrelevant or not important, and, instead, as Muslims we seek to find
what it is lawful for us to do, what it is forbidden for us to do, what
it is recommended that we do, and then we strive (InshaAllah) to follow
the guidance we have been given or which we have found. This is, in
many ways, the essence of being Muslim.
Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala says:
"It is not for the believer - man or woman - when Allah and His
Messenger have decreed a matter, that they should have any option in
their decision. For whoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger has indeed
strayed into plain error." 33:36 Interpretation of Meaning
As for "deliberately choosing civilians", the question more correctly,
as I mentioned above, is about targeting, unintentionally or otherwise,
those
who might not be directly engaged in
practical combat with Muslims. We might add to this, "and who are or
may be considered to be in support of the actions of their
government and their armies."
In this respect, let us consider the invasion of Iraq by the kuffar.
This invasion, and the subsequent occupation, led to the killing of
tens of thousands of Muslims - probably hundreds of thousands of
Muslims if many accounts are correct. It led to the torture of
thousands upon thousands of
Muslims; to the imprisonment of tens of thousands of Muslims; to the
humiliation of tens upon tens of thousands of Muslims. Who, in the
West, bears responsibility for this? The governments, and/or the people
in
whose name such a government allegedly acts and from whom it allegedly
derives its authority? After the invasion, there was an election in
Britain, and Blair and his cronies were re-elected. Did the British
people thus give their assent, by such a re-election, to this invasion,
this occupation, and the killings, torture, humiliation, imprisonment
of Muslims in Iraq, Afghanistan and elsewhere? They clearly had a
choice: they could have elected someone, or some political Party,
opposed to such things. But they did not. Many of the electorate
probably did not care about such things, and were perhaps more
concerned about their own lives than the fate of Muslims in Iraq,
Afghanistan, occupied Palestine and elsewhere. Furthermore, is such a
care-less attitude approval of such things by default?
It has been argued, by some Muslims, that, since Deen Al-Islam allows
revenge and retribution for a wrong, a dishonour, done to a Muslim or
Muslims, such Martyrdom Operations as have been undertaken in Dar
al-Harb [see Note 3] amount to such revenge and retribution against
those who have given their assent to the actions of the kuffar against
Muslims in places like Iraq, and Afghanistan and elsewhere, and who
thus have condoned, or not done anything about, the brutal interference
by the governments of the kuffar in Muslim affairs the world over for
more than a hundred years. This interference includes manufacturing
artificial nations, according to the Tawagheet of the kuffar such as
the nation-State, like Iraq; the occupation of Palestine; the sanctions
imposed - before invasion - upon Afghanistan and Iraq (which sanctions
cost the life of hundreds of thousands of Muslims); the support for
apostate tyrants in Muslim lands; the plan to replace Deen
Al-Islam with a manufactured moderate so-called "Islam" which accepts
the universality of Western values and which accepts the idols, the
Tawagheet of the West, such as the nation-State, democracy, liberalism;
the imprisonment of Muslims, in places like the Guantanamo Bay
concentration camp, for doing their duty of Jihad; and so on and so on.
In respect of retribution, Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala says:
"If anyone attacks you, then
retaliate and attack
them in the way that
they have attacked you." 2: 194 Interpretation of Meaning
"The retribution for a wrong is to
inflict the like (upon the wrong-doer)." 42:40 Interpretation of Meaning
"If an injury has been inflicted on you, make certain that a
similar injury has been inflicted, by you, on the disbelievers: there
are good days, and bad days, which We give to each side in turn for
thereby We know those who believe and choose from among them witnesses
(to the Truth)." 3:140 Interpretation of Meaning
"And when you punish them (your enemy) then do so with the like of
that with which you were afflicted by them" 16:126 Interpretation of
Meaning
"And there shall be no blame for those who take revenge after they
have suffered injustice. The way (of blame) is only for those
rebellious ones who oppress others and who insolently walk on the
earth: for these there will be a painful torment indeed." 42: 41-42
Interpretation of Meaning
"To counter them, use whatever force
[quwah] you can, including
steeds of combat, that you might strike great fear into the enemies of
Allah who are your enemies." 8:60 Interpretation of Meaning
Furthermore, and importantly, what must also be considered is that the
perspective of Muslims is, or should be, the perspective of Jannah and
the judgement of Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala. That is, this mortal life
of ours is considered as but a means, a test, an opportunity to attain
Jannah. Thus, the importance of our life does not lie in our
personal happiness, our security, our well-being, or in the happiness
and security and well-being of our friends or relatives or loved ones.
When we die - in whatever way - we will be judged by Allah Subhanahu wa
Ta'ala and may be rewarded with Jannah, or condemned to The Fire. Thus,
it is - or should be, for a Muslim - when someone dies, a question of
this judgement
by Allah Subhanahu wa
Ta'ala: that is, of the possibility of attaining Jannah. The criteria
of a Muslim in respect of such matters is different from that of the
kuffar - for the kuffar say and write things like "they have deprived
this innocent person of life," while the Muslim would (or should) say
and write things like "they will be judged by Allah Subhanahu wa
Ta'ala and may be rewarded with Jannah and may thus attain the goal of
life, for it is only Allah Subhanahu wa
Ta'ala who can truely judge, for He is The Most Merciful, He Who Often
Forgives." Thus, such a life has not "been wasted" - to view in that
way is to view it solely from the perspective of the kuffar. In
addition, in
such attacks by Muslims, which may cause deaths, those Muslims know
that they will be judged
by Allah Subhanahu wa
Ta'ala for their actions, their intentions.
In this particular matter of such attacks, Muslims have a choice - they
can, having considered the evidences according to Quran and Sunnah (and
thus according to Shariah, derived as Shariah is from these sources)
either support such operations, or not support them; engage in them, or
not engage in them. However, even if a Muslim is in error in this
matter, and acts upon that error, having made the wrong choice, he
should not be openly attacked or condemned in front of the kuffar, and
he most certainly should not be betrayed to the kuffar, to be
imprisoned, humiliated or killed by the kuffar. As it was narrated by
Abdullah Ibn Umar, the Prophet (salla Allahu 'alayhi wa sallam) said,
"Because a Muslim is a
brother to other Muslims, he should neither oppress them, nor hand them
over to the enemies of the Muslims. Whoever helps his brother, then
Allah will help him; whoever saves his brother from distress, Allah
will save from distress, and whoever shields his brother, Allah will
shield him." (Bukhari: Vol 3, Book 43, 622)
Further, as Sheikh Safar bin 'Abdir-Rahmaan al-Hawaali said:
This Muslim - supposing that he erred
in taking revenge against the enemy or that he erred in considering
someone to be an enemy who is not an enemy - this Muslim is no more
sinful, no more in error, than the perpetrators of major errors like
adultery, theft, and impiety towards the parents. The position of Ahlus
Sunnah wa Jamaah with respect to the perpetrators of such major errors
is well known. They still perform the prayer on him (if he dies) and
seek forgiveness for him. They neither defame him nor do they make the
People of Kufr pleased over the shortcoming of their brothers by
mentioning their defects and sins. As long as the characteristic of
Islam is present in them they are as the Prophet (salla Allahu 'alayhi
wa sallam) said, 'Every
Muslim is forbidden for Muslim - his blood, wealth, honour.'
Ibn Abbaas narrated that the Prophet, Muhammad (salla Allahu 'alayhi wa
sallam) said:
"There is no believing servant
who does not make a
mistake from time to time, or some error which he persists in and
does not abandon until he leaves this world. Indeed, the Believer was
created as one who is frequently tried and tested, who often repents
(then) forgets (again). But when he is corrected, he [strives to]
correct himself."
Reported by at-Tabarani in al-Mu'jam
al Kabir (number 11,810)
In respect of how we might find correct guidance in such matters,
Sheikh ul-Islam ibn Taimiyyah
(Rahimullah) wrote:
"Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal and Imam
Abdallah Ibnul Mubarak said
"In times
of a dispute among the Ummah seek the opinion of the Mujahideen (on the
battlefields) because the truth will be with them. Allah says 'As for
those who do Jihad for us, We assuredly guide them to Our path.' "
(29:69). ibn Taymiyyah: Majmoo' al-Fatawa, Volume 28, 442
What also needs to be understood is that such actions and such
operations that may be taken by Muslims are only undertaken according
to guidelines established by Shariah, after consultation with Ulaamah
and, in many cases, after consultation with an Ameer, a respected
Mujahid from among the Mujahideen.
Furthermore, what I and many, many Muslims find hypocritical and
unacceptable is for the West, for the kuffar to lament, often in some
operatic way, for their dead - such as the few thousand killed in the
Jumaada Al-Thaani attacks in Amerika - but to remain silent about the
tens of thousands of Muslims, including many, many women and children
and the elderly, who have been killed by kaffir missiles and kaffir
bombs, in Afghanistan, Iraq and elsewhere, including in occupied
Palestine where their Zionist allies regularly, almost every week, kill
Muslim women and children. To many of the kuffar, these dead Muslims
are "collateral damage" while the Westerners killed by Muslims are "the
innocent victims of evil terrorists". The issue is one of the kaffir
invasion and occupation of our lands; of their continued and brutal and
arrogant and century-long interference in our affairs; of their
killing, torture, humiliation, and imprisonment of our brothers and
sisters; of their demand that we abandon our Way of Life for their
ignoble, profane, decadent, dysfunctional way of life; of their
shameless hypocrisy which holds up for us as some kind of model the
life of the peoples of the West: of societies where millions upon
millions are addicted to drugs and alcohol, and where, in Britain
alone, every minute of every day the Police are called by a woman who
has been subject to
violent domestic abuse.
The problem is the kaffir, not the Muslim, and the solution is for the
kuffar to stop interfering in our affairs; to stop supporting tyrant
rulers in Muslim lands; to free the Muslims they have imprisoned; to
leave our lands; and to cease trying to impose their ways, their
Tawagheet - such as the nation-State, and democracy and liberalism -
upon us. Until they do such things, the Jihadi Intifada will continue.
And, by their actions, are such
suicide bombers not guilty of
elevating
an abstract sense of ideology (or religion) above their actual
experiences?
With respect, your question is an example of the logical fallacy
al-musaadarah 'ala
la-matlub al-awwaal.
For the Western perspective is inherent in such a question which
question, it seems to me, requires an answer in such terms, and which
answer would or might imply an acceptance of such a perspective. Such a
question also exemplifies the very real
clash of cultures which is taking place, and many if not most of the
peoples of the West cannot think objectively and rationally about other
cultures (or even about their own) despite
their often arrogant claims to be able to do so, and thus cannot grasp
that Deen Al-Islam, correctly understood, is fundamentally,
irretrievably, different
from the way of the West. Thus, the kuffar project their concepts and
values and abstractions upon Deen Al-Islam and Muslims, and believe
they have "understood" Deen Al-Islam and Muslims, whereas in fact all
they have done is maintain their own prejudices, and ignorance, and
manifested their
arrogance.
The question, for Muslims, really is: are those Muslims who undertake
Martyrdom Operations obeying Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala? It is as simple
as that - no talk or mention of such Tawagheet as "ideology",
"religion", "actual experience", "extremism", "innocent civilians",
"terrorism", "guilty of", or whatever. To be Muslim is to submit to
only Allah
Subhanahu wa Ta'ala; to seek to obey Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala; to be
focused upon Jannah rather than upon the rewards, the pleasures, of
dunya, of this mortal world. Thus, the perspective of the Muslim is the
perspective of Tawheed, of Jannah.
As I mentioned earlier, the view that I and many other Muslims,
world-wide, incline toward is that Martyrdom Operations are lawful,
according to the Quran and Sunnah. Some other Muslims incline toward
the opposite view. Thus, as often, there is some disagreement between
the Muslims - but there are also, now, many Muslims who are judging
such things according to the Tawagheet of the kuffar, which is
incorrect, according to Deen Al-Islam, and it is these arguments, based
on judging according to the Tawagheet of the kuffar, that most people
in the West hear or read about. What does seem clear is that the
arguments of those Muslims who argue against Martyrdom Operations from
a Muslim perspective have been shown to be incorrect, although it does
seem that many Muslims in the West remain in ignorance of this. [See
Note 4]
I found one of your previous replies
very
interesting: "we offer the Unbelievers, the kuffar, a choice - accept
Deen Al-Islam, or pay the Jizya. In practical terms, we say to them:
take an oath of loyalty to Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala and to His Prophet
(salla Allahu 'alayhi wa sallam) and thus become Muslim or
take an oath of loyalty (make a binding contract between us and you)
that you will not interfere in our affairs, that you will not offend
Muslims or seek to change our Deen, that you will go peaceably about
your own business (which includes worshipping in your own way) and that
you will pay the Jizya, in which case we will honourably protect you."
"You who believe, do not take the Jews
and Nazarenes as
allies. They
are allies of each other. If any of you takes them as allies, then he
is one of them." 5:51 Interpretation of Meaning
"Are loyal to the Believers, stern
toward the kuffar, who fight in the Way of Allah, and who do not heed
the criticism of their critics. For this is the honour that He bestows
upon whomsoever He wills - for Allah is The All-Knowing, The Infinite
One. In truth, your champions are Allah, His Messenger, and the
Believers
- those who undertake As-Salat, who give Zakat and who submit [in
loyalty to Allah]. For whomsoever has Allah, His Messenger, and
Believers as their Champion, are the ones who will achieve (the)
victory (of Jannah)."
5: 54-56 Interpretation of Meaning
It was reported that the Prophet (salla
Allahu 'alayhi wa
sallam) said, “Fear Allah, and if a mutilated Abyssinian former slave
is appointed
as Ameer over you, listen to him and obey him, as long as he obeys, and
applies to you, the Book of Allah.” Al-Tirmidhi 1628
It was reported that the Prophet (salla Allahu 'alayhi wa
sallam) said:
"Allah, Tabarak wa'tala, has removed from you the pride of Jahiliyyah
and its boasting about ancestors. A person can be either an honourable
believer or an ignoble sinner. You are sons of Adam, and Adam came from
dust. Let the people cease to boast about their kin and kin-folk." Abu
Dawud, Book 36, 5097
"You who believe: do not unfairly
squander
your wealth on one another, save it be for some purpose mutually agreed
upon
among yourselves. Do not ruin yourself, or one another, for Allah is
most Merciful toward you."
The Prophet (salla Allahu 'alayhi
wa
sallam) said, "He who commits suicide by throttling shall keep on
throttling
himself in the Hell-Fire (forever) and he who commits suicide by
stabbing
himself shall keep on stabbing himself in the Hell-Fire." (Sahih
Bukhari)
as a prohibition of Martyrdom Operations, although it is clear they
have
confused Istishad with Intihar, for (1) a correct interpretation of the
above Hadith would be along
the
following lines:"The person who commits Intihar by
hanging
themselves shall keep hanging themselves in the Hell-Fire, just as
those
who commit Intihar by stabbing themselves will keep stabbing themselves
in
the Hell-Fire."